What is a UAS?
UAS ***(Unmanned Aircraft System)** translates as "Unmanned Aircraft System". This is a complete system that includes:
The unmanned aircraft (drone).
The ground control station.
The communication links between the two.
Any other components necessary for safe and efficient operation.
UAS can range from small consumer drones to sophisticated military or industrial systems.
Differences between UAS, UAV and RPAS
Although often confused, these terms have important differences:
UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System) : Refers to the complete system, including the aircraft and control systems.
UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) : It refers exclusively to the unmanned aircraft, not including the control station or other elements.
RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) : It is a type of UAS in which the aircraft is remotely piloted by a human operator, unlike fully autonomous drones.
Importance of these terms in regulation and industry
The correct use of these terms is crucial in aeronautical regulation. For example, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the State Aviation Safety Agency in Spain use the term UAS in their regulations, since it covers the entire ecosystem of drone operation, not just the aerial vehicle. Differentiating between UAVs and RPAS is also key to categorizing drones according to their level of autonomy and the type of control exercised over them.
Components of a complete UAS
To better understand the operation of a UAS, it is important to know its main elements.
A UAS consists of:
Unmanned Aircraft (UAV) : From small drones to large aerial platforms.
Ground control system: This can be a basic remote control or an advanced control station.
Communication system: Includes radio, telemetry and video links.
Payload: This can be a camera, LIDAR sensors, fumigation equipment, etc.
Power system: Batteries, fuels or power cells for operation.
Historical evolution of terminology
The term UAV emerged in the first developments of unmanned aircraft. Over time, technology evolved, and the UAS concept became more appropriate to include all the systems involved. In parallel, RPAS was established to specify those systems where a human pilot operates the aircraft remotely.
Correct use of terms according to the context
In regulation and legislation: “UAS” is preferred as it encompasses the entire system.
In engineering and technology: “UAV” is used to refer to the aircraft itself.
In operation and piloting: “RPAS” is more suitable when there is a remote pilot.
Understanding the difference between UAS, UAV and RPAS is essential for those who work with drones, from pilots to regulators and manufacturers. Using the terms correctly helps avoid confusion and facilitates communication in the aeronautical industry.
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